MetallicaOn a long and lonesome
highway east of OmahaYou can hear the engine moanin'out his one long one note songYou can think about the womanor the girl you knew the night beforeBut your thoughts will be wanderingthe way they always doWhen you're ridin' sixteen hoursand there's nothin' much to doAnd you don't feel much like ridin',you just wish the trip was throughHere I amOn the road againThere I amUp on the stageHere I goPlayin' star againThere I goTurn the pageWell you walk into a restaurant,strung out from the roadAnd you feel the eyes upon youas you're shakin' off the coldYou pretend it doesn't bother youbut you just want to explodeMost times you can't hear them talk,other times you canAll the same old clichà©'s,"Is that a woman or a man?"And you always seem outnumbered,you don't dare make a standOn the road againThere I amUp on the stageHere I goPlayin' star againThere I goTurn the pageOut there in the spotlightyou're a million miles awayEvery ounce of energy you try to give awayAs the sweat pours out your bodylike the music that you playLater in the evening as you lie awake in bedWith the echoes of the amplifiersringin' in your headYou smoke the day's last cigarette,rememberin' what she saidHere I amOn the road againThere I amUp on the stageHere I goPlayin' star againThere I goTurn the pageHere I amOn the road againThere I amUp on the stageHere I goPlayin' star againThere I goThere I goThere I go
martedì 26 maggio 2009
lunedì 25 maggio 2009
BEOWULF COMICS
The most important and ancient poem of Anglo-Saxon literature is here narrated in prose by a contemporary English writer.
Publisher: | |
Series: | |
Title: | BEOWULF |
'THE LEGEND OF BEOWULF' THE VIDEOGAME
Fantasy action game inspired by the epic medieval namesake and somewhat related to the film in production at Paramount, directed by Robert Zemeckis.
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The Legend Of Beowulf (2007)
In Denmark, A.D. 507, the realm of King Hrothgar is threatened by the tormented demon Grendel that attacks the locals in their celebrations. The Danish king offers a reward for the death of the creature, attracting to Herot the brave Geet warrior Beowulf that seeks for glory. After a fierce battle, Beowulf defeats the demon and after receiving an old relic as reward, he finds his men slaughtered in the party saloon of the castle. King Hrothgar advises that the Grendel's mother was the responsible for the bloodshed and Beowulf chases her in the lake where she lives. The creature takes the form of a seductive woman and seduces Beowulf with a promise of becoming an invincible and wealthy king if he makes love to her and gives his golden relic to her. Years later, King Beowulf feels the aftermath of his sin.
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Beowulf and Grendel (2003)
The heroic Scandinavian warrior Beowulf, set sail from southernSweden to help the people of Denmark
The heroic Scandinavian warrior Beowulf, set sail from southern
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Beowulf (1999)
Beowulf, in a world outside time, ravaged by centuries of barbarism, the civilization of man is now in pieces. In this world full of violence and hate, Beowulf vague. He's a man cursed condemned to wander forever because he's the son of a mortal and the devil. To win the Evil our hero has to face and groped to beat his opponent more formidable, Grendel, a damned creature that hides in the deepest recesses of a inaccessible fortress.
Beowulf, in a world outside time, ravaged by centuries of barbarism, the civilization of man is now in pieces. In this world full of violence and hate, Beowulf vague. He's a man cursed condemned to wander forever because he's the son of a mortal and the devil. To win the Evil our hero has to face and groped to beat his opponent more formidable, Grendel, a damned creature that hides in the deepest recesses of a inaccessible fortress.
lunedì 18 maggio 2009
History of Denmark in 8th century
In the 8th century CE there are several kings of both mythical and quasi-historical carachter. The Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf tells that Hroar was king of the Danes. The poem was written in the 8th century, but there is no clue to when the alledged events of the poem took place. A peculiar note to this is that Hroar actually was king, he was just king of the Herules; a sub-group of the Gothic tribes of central- and eastern Europe. Interestingly it is said that the heathen Herules wandered back north to their fellow believers when the Goths were christianised (Jordane).
Saxo lists a king Roar, son of Dan, who alledgedly founded the city of Roskilde, the capital of Denmark through a longer period in the Middle Ages, until Bishop Absalon founded Copenhagen, at the time only known as 'Hafn' (Habor).
Ongendus/Angantyr is also said to have ruled in this century, as well as Sigfrid.
In the 8th century CE there are several kings of both mythical and quasi-historical carachter. The Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf tells that Hroar was king of the Danes. The poem was written in the 8th century, but there is no clue to when the alledged events of the poem took place. A peculiar note to this is that Hroar actually was king, he was just king of the Herules; a sub-group of the Gothic tribes of central- and eastern Europe. Interestingly it is said that the heathen Herules wandered back north to their fellow believers when the Goths were christianised (Jordane).
Saxo lists a king Roar, son of Dan, who alledgedly founded the city of Roskilde, the capital of Denmark through a longer period in the Middle Ages, until Bishop Absalon founded Copenhagen, at the time only known as 'Hafn' (Habor).
Ongendus/Angantyr is also said to have ruled in this century, as well as Sigfrid.
The history of Beowulf
Beowulf is a long poem that somebody wrote down around 1000 AD. The poem is in Old English, so whoever wrote it probably lived in England. It's one of the oldest poems written in English (but not the oldest).
But the poem tells a story about things that happened in the early 500's AD - nearly 500 years before the poem was written down. The story takes place in Denmark and Sweden, and involves real people who lived in the early 500's AD, who we know about from other written stories in Swedish and also from archaeology.
When Beowulf was being composed and written, the Anglo-Saxons had only recently moved from Denmark and Sweden to England, so they still had a lot of friends and relatives back home, and they told stories about the things these people were doing.
Beowulf is a long poem that somebody wrote down around 1000 AD. The poem is in Old English, so whoever wrote it probably lived in England. It's one of the oldest poems written in English (but not the oldest).
But the poem tells a story about things that happened in the early 500's AD - nearly 500 years before the poem was written down. The story takes place in Denmark and Sweden, and involves real people who lived in the early 500's AD, who we know about from other written stories in Swedish and also from archaeology.
When Beowulf was being composed and written, the Anglo-Saxons had only recently moved from Denmark and Sweden to England, so they still had a lot of friends and relatives back home, and they told stories about the things these people were doing.
Monsters or evil creatures abound in early Nothern European literatures; in the Anglo-Sasson Period in the pagan epic poem Beowulf, the homonymus hero fights the dragon Grendel, and Grendel's mother, while in the German epic cycle of the Nibelungenliend, Siegfred likewise mist and snow in the Northern hemisphere might have given rise tureal or imaginary monsters in the minds of these writers. Instead Christianity has interpetred such struggles as man's fight against the devil. In fourth century A.D., a young Cristian soldier named George killed a dragon in order to save a girl from being sacrificed.
lunedì 11 maggio 2009
Denmark economy
With very few natural resources, the mixed economy of Denmark relies almost entirely on human resources.
Denmark in the past and in the present
PAST AND PRESENT
This following article by Sune Dahlgård was printed in the anti-immigration magazine Danskeren (The Dane) in April 1995. Sune Dahlgård was interned by the Germans during the Second World War because he had printed and distributed illegal papers. In order to avoid misunderstandings all quotations in italics are taken literally from comment to the Bill introduced by the minister of justice.
This following article by Sune Dahlgård was printed in the anti-immigration magazine Danskeren (The Dane) in April 1995. Sune Dahlgård was interned by the Germans during the Second World War because he had printed and distributed illegal papers. In order to avoid misunderstandings all quotations in italics are taken literally from comment to the Bill introduced by the minister of justice.
lunedì 4 maggio 2009
A kenning is a circumlocution used instead of an ordinary noun in Old Norse and later Icelandic poetry. For example, Old Norse poets might replace sverð, the regular word for “sword”, with a compound such as ben-grefill “wound-hoe”or a genitive phrase such as randa íss “ice of shields”. The term kenning has been applied by modern scholars to similar figures of speech in other languages too, especially Old English.
domenica 26 aprile 2009
lunedì 20 aprile 2009
BEOWULF' S HISTORY
After scyld's death the Danes prosper under his
descendants.
Beowulf and Hrothgar follow her to her lair in a digusting lake, where Beowulf fights Grendel's mother in her hall at the bottom of the lake. Beowulf almost loses, but with the aid of God is eventually victorious.
The dragon is killed, but mortally wounds Beowulf in the battle, and the old king passes away while gazing on the cursed treasure.
Beowulf in trailer
"Beowulf" it is an epic poem, in Anglo-Saxon language and, it is hypothesized, going up again to the eighth century A.D.It narrates of a fierce hero of the Germanic tribe of the Geatis, that is called by the king Danish Hrothgar to free his/her people and his/her splendid real palace Heorot (The Buck), from the raids of the monster Grendel, that kills and it devastates. But Beowulf is forced, after having killed Grendel, to face its his/her mother, looking for revenge.Victorious also on this, the hero becomes king of the Geatis and reigns in the peace up to the arrival of a third monster: a winged dragon. The final struggle brings to the death of both (the image of Thor and his/her struggle with the snake of water).Grendel is not never illustrated in his/her horrible reality of monster, but figured to lines and ideas, perhaps a Troll of the northern mythology and Beowulf doesn't even appear in clarity. This "Beowulf & Grendel", it stays faithful alone partially to the poem:are introduced three new characters, the father of Grendel, the witch Selma and the child of Grendel, on a narrative scenery enriched of stories properly realized for the film.
by ANDREA COLLI
"Beowulf" it is an epic poem, in Anglo-Saxon language and, it is hypothesized, going up again to the eighth century A.D.It narrates of a fierce hero of the Germanic tribe of the Geatis, that is called by the king Danish Hrothgar to free his/her people and his/her splendid real palace Heorot (The Buck), from the raids of the monster Grendel, that kills and it devastates. But Beowulf is forced, after having killed Grendel, to face its his/her mother, looking for revenge.Victorious also on this, the hero becomes king of the Geatis and reigns in the peace up to the arrival of a third monster: a winged dragon. The final struggle brings to the death of both (the image of Thor and his/her struggle with the snake of water).Grendel is not never illustrated in his/her horrible reality of monster, but figured to lines and ideas, perhaps a Troll of the northern mythology and Beowulf doesn't even appear in clarity. This "Beowulf & Grendel", it stays faithful alone partially to the poem:are introduced three new characters, the father of Grendel, the witch Selma and the child of Grendel, on a narrative scenery enriched of stories properly realized for the film.
by ANDREA COLLI
Dialects
Map of Danish dialects
Standard Danish (rigsdansk) is the language based on dialects spoken in and around the capital of Copenhagen. Unlike Swedish and Norwegian, Danish does not have more than one regional speech norm. More than 25% of all Danish speakers live in the metropolitan area of the capital and most government agencies, institutions and major businesses keep their main offices in Copenhagen, something that has resulted in a very homogeneous national speech norm. In contrast, though Oslo (Norway) and Stockholm (Sweden) are quite dominant in terms of speech standards, cities like Bergen, Gothenburg and the Malmö-Lund region are large and influential enough to create secondary regional norms, making the standard language more varied than is the case with Danish. The general agreement is that Standard Danish is based on a form of Copenhagen dialect, but the specific norm is, as with most language norms, difficult to pinpoint for both laypeople and scholars. Historically Standard Danish emerged as a compromise between the dialect of Zealand and Scania. The first layers of it can be seen in east Danish provincial law texts such as Skånske Lov, just as we can recognize west Danish in laws from the same ages in Jyske Lov.
Despite the relative cultural monopoly of the capital and the centralised government, the divided geography of the country allowed distinct rural dialects to flourish during the centuries. Such "genuine" dialects were formerly spoken by a vast majority of the population, but have declined much since the 1960s. They still exist in communities out on the countryside, but most speakers in these areas generally speak a regionalized form of Standard Danish, when speaking with one who speaks to them in that same standard. Usually an adaptation of the local dialect to rigsdansk is spoken, though code-switching between the standard-like norm and a distinct dialect is common.
The distribution of one, two, and three grammatical genders in Danish dialects. In Zealand the transition from three to two genders has happened fairly recently. West of the red line the definite article goes before the word as in English or German; east of the line it takes the form of a suffix.
Danish is divided into three distinct dialect groups:
Eastern Danish (østdansk), including the Bornholm, Scanian and Halland dialects
Island Danish (ømål or ødansk), including dialects of Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster, and Møn
Jutlandic (jysk), further divided in North, East, West and South Jutlandic
Historically, Eastern Danish includes what are occasionally considered Southern Swedish dialects. The background for this lies in the loss of the originally Danish provinces Blekinge, Halland and Scania to Sweden in 1658. The island Bornholm in the Baltic also belongs to this group, but remained Danish. A few generations ago, the classical dialects spoken in the southern Swedish provinces could still be argued to be more Eastern Danish than Swedish, being similar to the dialect of Bornholm. Today influx of Standard Swedish vocabulary has generally meant that Scanian and Bornholmish are closer to the modern national standards than to each other. The Bornholm dialect has also maintained to this day many ancient features, such as a distinction between three grammatical genders, which the central Island Danish dialects gave up during the 20th century. Standard Danish has two genders, and Western Jutlandic only one, similar to English.
Today, Standard Danish is most similar to the Island Danish dialect group.
Map of Danish dialects
Standard Danish (rigsdansk) is the language based on dialects spoken in and around the capital of Copenhagen. Unlike Swedish and Norwegian, Danish does not have more than one regional speech norm. More than 25% of all Danish speakers live in the metropolitan area of the capital and most government agencies, institutions and major businesses keep their main offices in Copenhagen, something that has resulted in a very homogeneous national speech norm. In contrast, though Oslo (Norway) and Stockholm (Sweden) are quite dominant in terms of speech standards, cities like Bergen, Gothenburg and the Malmö-Lund region are large and influential enough to create secondary regional norms, making the standard language more varied than is the case with Danish. The general agreement is that Standard Danish is based on a form of Copenhagen dialect, but the specific norm is, as with most language norms, difficult to pinpoint for both laypeople and scholars. Historically Standard Danish emerged as a compromise between the dialect of Zealand and Scania. The first layers of it can be seen in east Danish provincial law texts such as Skånske Lov, just as we can recognize west Danish in laws from the same ages in Jyske Lov.
Despite the relative cultural monopoly of the capital and the centralised government, the divided geography of the country allowed distinct rural dialects to flourish during the centuries. Such "genuine" dialects were formerly spoken by a vast majority of the population, but have declined much since the 1960s. They still exist in communities out on the countryside, but most speakers in these areas generally speak a regionalized form of Standard Danish, when speaking with one who speaks to them in that same standard. Usually an adaptation of the local dialect to rigsdansk is spoken, though code-switching between the standard-like norm and a distinct dialect is common.
The distribution of one, two, and three grammatical genders in Danish dialects. In Zealand the transition from three to two genders has happened fairly recently. West of the red line the definite article goes before the word as in English or German; east of the line it takes the form of a suffix.
Danish is divided into three distinct dialect groups:
Eastern Danish (østdansk), including the Bornholm, Scanian and Halland dialects
Island Danish (ømål or ødansk), including dialects of Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster, and Møn
Jutlandic (jysk), further divided in North, East, West and South Jutlandic
Historically, Eastern Danish includes what are occasionally considered Southern Swedish dialects. The background for this lies in the loss of the originally Danish provinces Blekinge, Halland and Scania to Sweden in 1658. The island Bornholm in the Baltic also belongs to this group, but remained Danish. A few generations ago, the classical dialects spoken in the southern Swedish provinces could still be argued to be more Eastern Danish than Swedish, being similar to the dialect of Bornholm. Today influx of Standard Swedish vocabulary has generally meant that Scanian and Bornholmish are closer to the modern national standards than to each other. The Bornholm dialect has also maintained to this day many ancient features, such as a distinction between three grammatical genders, which the central Island Danish dialects gave up during the 20th century. Standard Danish has two genders, and Western Jutlandic only one, similar to English.
Today, Standard Danish is most similar to the Island Danish dialect group.
History
Main article: History of Danish
The approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century: Old West Norse dialect Old East Norse dialect Old Gutnish dialect Crimean Gothic Old English Other Germanic languages with which Old Norse still retained some mutual intelligibility
In the 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse, had undergone some changes and evolved into Old Norse. This language began to undergo new changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects, Old West Norse (Norway and Iceland) and Old East Norse (Denmark and Sweden).
Old East Norse is in Sweden called Runic Swedish and in east Denmark Runic Danish, but until the 12th century, the dialect was roughly the same in the two countries. The dialects are called runic due to the fact that the main body of text appears in the runic alphabet. Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which only had 16 letters. Due to the limited number of runes, some runes were used for a range of phonemes, such as the rune for the vowel u which was also used for the vowels o, ø and y, and the rune for i which was also used for e.
A change that separated Old East Norse (Runic Swedish/Danish) from Old West Norse was the change of the diphthong æi (Old West Norse ei) to the monophthong e, as in stæin to sten. This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read stain and the later stin. There was also a change of au as in dauðr into ø as in døðr. This change is shown in runic inscriptions as a change from tauþr into tuþr. Moreover, the øy (Old West Norse ey) diphthong changed into ø as well, as in the Old Norse word for "island".
Some famous authors of works in Danish are existential philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, prolific fairy tale author Hans Christian Andersen, and playwright Ludvig Holberg. Three 20th century Danish authors have become Nobel Prize laureates in Literature: Karl Adolph Gjellerup and Henrik Pontoppidan (joint recipients in 1917) and Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (awarded 1944).
Danish was once widely spoken in the northeast counties of England. Many Danish derived words, such as "gate" (gade) for street, still survive in Yorkshire and other parts of eastern England colonized by Danish Vikings. The city of York was once the Danish settlement of Jorvik.
The first printed book in Danish dates from 1495. The first complete translation of the Bible in Danish was published in 1550.
Main article: History of Danish
The approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century: Old West Norse dialect Old East Norse dialect Old Gutnish dialect Crimean Gothic Old English Other Germanic languages with which Old Norse still retained some mutual intelligibility
In the 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse, had undergone some changes and evolved into Old Norse. This language began to undergo new changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects, Old West Norse (Norway and Iceland) and Old East Norse (Denmark and Sweden).
Old East Norse is in Sweden called Runic Swedish and in east Denmark Runic Danish, but until the 12th century, the dialect was roughly the same in the two countries. The dialects are called runic due to the fact that the main body of text appears in the runic alphabet. Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which only had 16 letters. Due to the limited number of runes, some runes were used for a range of phonemes, such as the rune for the vowel u which was also used for the vowels o, ø and y, and the rune for i which was also used for e.
A change that separated Old East Norse (Runic Swedish/Danish) from Old West Norse was the change of the diphthong æi (Old West Norse ei) to the monophthong e, as in stæin to sten. This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read stain and the later stin. There was also a change of au as in dauðr into ø as in døðr. This change is shown in runic inscriptions as a change from tauþr into tuþr. Moreover, the øy (Old West Norse ey) diphthong changed into ø as well, as in the Old Norse word for "island".
Some famous authors of works in Danish are existential philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, prolific fairy tale author Hans Christian Andersen, and playwright Ludvig Holberg. Three 20th century Danish authors have become Nobel Prize laureates in Literature: Karl Adolph Gjellerup and Henrik Pontoppidan (joint recipients in 1917) and Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (awarded 1944).
Danish was once widely spoken in the northeast counties of England. Many Danish derived words, such as "gate" (gade) for street, still survive in Yorkshire and other parts of eastern England colonized by Danish Vikings. The city of York was once the Danish settlement of Jorvik.
The first printed book in Danish dates from 1495. The first complete translation of the Bible in Danish was published in 1550.
In the poem, Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, battles three antagonists: Grendel, who has been attacking the mead hall in Denmark called Heorot and its inhabitants; Grendel's mother; and an unnamed dragon. The last battle takes place later in life, after returning to Geatland ,where Beowulf has become king. In the final battle, Beowulf is fatally wounded. After his death he is buried in a barrow in Geatland by his retainers.
lunedì 30 marzo 2009
Heroes
Beow-Wolf
In 2005, Andy Orchard theorized an etymology on the basis of the common Old Norse name Þórólfr (which literally translates to "Thor Wolf"), stating in parallel that a "more likely" meaning for the name would be the "wolf" of the Germanic god Beowulf
Biewolf
English philologist Walter William Skeat proposed an etymological origin in a term for "Woodpecker" citing the Old Dutch term biewolf for the bird. Skeat states that the black woodpecker is common in Norway and Sweden and further reasons that the "indominatable nature" and that the "bird fights to the death" could have potentially influenced the choice of the name. This etymological origin has been criticized as not being in accordance to Grimm's law and Skeat may have recanted the proposal at a later date
Beado-Wulf (war wolf)
The editors of Bosworth's monumental dictionary of Anglo-Saxon propose that Beowulf is a variant of beado-wulf meaning "war wolf" and that it is cognate with the Icelandic Bodulfr which also means "war wolf
Beow-Wolf
In 2005, Andy Orchard theorized an etymology on the basis of the common Old Norse name Þórólfr (which literally translates to "Thor Wolf"), stating in parallel that a "more likely" meaning for the name would be the "wolf" of the Germanic god Beowulf
Biewolf
English philologist Walter William Skeat proposed an etymological origin in a term for "Woodpecker" citing the Old Dutch term biewolf for the bird. Skeat states that the black woodpecker is common in Norway and Sweden and further reasons that the "indominatable nature" and that the "bird fights to the death" could have potentially influenced the choice of the name. This etymological origin has been criticized as not being in accordance to Grimm's law and Skeat may have recanted the proposal at a later date
Beado-Wulf (war wolf)
The editors of Bosworth's monumental dictionary of Anglo-Saxon propose that Beowulf is a variant of beado-wulf meaning "war wolf" and that it is cognate with the Icelandic Bodulfr which also means "war wolf
manuscript
The earliest known owner is the 16th century scholar Laurence Nowell, after whom the manuscript is named, though its official designation is Cotton Vitellius A.XV because it was one of Robert Bruce Cotton's holdings in the middle of the 17th century. Kevin Kiernan argues that Nowell most likely acquired it through William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley in 1563, when Nowell entered Cecil’s household as a tutor to his ward, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford.
An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.
The first epics were products of preliterate societies and oral poetic traditions. In these traditions, poetry is transmitted to the audience and from performer to performer by purely oral means.
The first epics were products of preliterate societies and oral poetic traditions. In these traditions, poetry is transmitted to the audience and from performer to performer by purely oral means.
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